Investor Lawyers Blog

Bipartisan U.S. Senate Bill Wants to Up SEC Fines For Securities Law Violations By Almost Ten Times

Published on: July 9, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

U.S. Senators Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) and Jack Reed (D-R.I.) introduced a bipartisan bill this week that would allow the Securities and Exchange Commission to impose much higher civil monetary penalties against individuals and financial firms that violate securities laws. The measure is called the Stronger Enforcement of Civil Penalties Act of 2015.

Senator Grassley said that the current SEC fines are “decimal dust,” which don’t serve as much of a deterrent. He said that a penalty “should mean something.” He and Senator Reed said they want to enhance investor protections. As Mr. Reed pointed out, over half of American households own securities, with many dependent on the market for their retirement and their kids’ college education. He said that investors shouldn’t have to incur substantial losses while violators get away with a “slap on the wrist.”

Under the new bill, the SEC would be able to impose up to $1 million against individuals for every serious offense as long as the penalty isn’t already tied to illegal funds that that the person received. Serious offenses would include deceit, fraud, deliberately ignoring regulations, and manipulation. The current maximum penalty for individuals over such offenses is $160,000.

F-Squared Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

Published on: July 8, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Exchange-traded fund manager F-Squared Investments Inc. has filed for bankruptcy. The firm wants the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware to allow it to sell its intellectual property, including its investment strategies and contracts to manage money, to Broadmeadow Capital, a Chicago-based money manager.

It was in December that F-Squared agreed to pay investors $35 million to settle Securities and Exchange Commission charges alleging that the firm misled investors about the performance of its Alpha Sector investment strategy. The regulator said that the ETF fund manager falsely marketed the strategy as having a successful track record that was based on actual performance.

Instead, contends the SEC, the data was from a hypothetical performance for a past period that was generated from backtesting. Also, a performance calculation error caused results to be inflated by 350%.

Advisers were attracted to this inflated performance record and F-Squared’s contention that its strategy could get around tough market shifts by engaging in opportunistic trading in and out of multiple industrial-sector ETFs. In seven years, the firm went from being practically a nonentity to having a $28.5 billion strategy as of last year.

F-Squared became the largest marketer of index products using ETFs. By the end of the year that ended in March 2015, however, the firm experienced a close to $8 billion asset decline. It reduced its workforce by 25%.
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SEC Stops Ponzi Scam that Targeted Portuguese and Spanish Communities

Published on: July 7, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The Securities and Exchange Commission is filing fraud charges against DFRF Enterprises for running a Ponzi scheme and pyramid scam that targeted investors belonging to Portuguese and Spanish-speaking communities. According to the regulator, the company claimed to run over 50 gold mines in Africa and Brazil even though its revenues came solely from selling membership interests to investors.

The alleged scammers raised over $15 million, bilking at least 1,400 investors. The owner of DFRF, Daniel Fernandes Rojo Filho, allegedly took over $6 million of this money to pay for personal expenses, including luxury vehicles and other lavish spending.

The regulator contends that in 2014, Filho and others started selling memberships in DFRF. Investors were recruited through a pyramid-like scam, with commissions paid to earlier investors for recruiting new members, much like a Ponzi scheme.

Many of these sales took place through meetings with prospective investors in hotel conference rooms, businesses, and homes, mostly in Massachusetts. The investment opportunity was also promoted on video through the Internet. In less than a year, membership sales rose from under $100,000 in June 2014 to over $4 million for the month of March 2015.
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Wells Fargo, LPL Financial, and Raymond James to Pay Investors of Retirement Accounts and Charities Over $30M for Mutual Fund Overcharges

Published on: July 6, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority said that LPL Financial, LLC (LPLA), Raymond James & Associates (RJF), Raymond James Financial Services, Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC (WFC), and Wells Fargo Advisors Financial Network, LLC must pay over $30M in restitution plus interest to customers who were impacted when the firms did not waive mutual fund sales charges for certain retirement and charitable accounts. According to the self-regulatory organization, between July 2009 and the end of 2014 the financial firms either improperly overcharged certain investors who had purchased Class A mutual fund shares or sold them Class B or C shares instead. The latter two come with ongoing, high back-end fees.

Mutual funds typically offer different share classes for sale. Each class has its own sales fees and charges. Although Class A shares come with an initial sales charge, they usually have lower annual fees than Class B and C shares. However, mutual funds will usually waive Class A sales charges when selling them to charities and some retirement accounts.

The broker-dealers offered these waivers for the retirement and charitable plan accounts under limited conditions. The waivers also were disclosed in prospectuses. Yet, according to FINRA, at various times since at least July 2009, the firms did not actually waive the sales charges for these customers when they were offered the Class A shares.

Because of this, contends the agency, over 50,000 eligible retirement accounts and charitable organizations either paid sales charges for the Class A shares or bought other share classes that required them to pay higher ongoing fees and other expenses. FINRA said that the firms did not properly supervise the sale of these mutual funds and depended on its brokers to offer the waiver discounts even though they weren’t properly trained.

FINRA Orders BNP Paribas Securities to Pay Retired Couple $16.6M for Unsuitable Investment Sale

Published on: July 4, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority says that BNP Paribas Securities Corp. has to pay retirees James and Margaret Eringer $16.6 million for selling them a leveraged derivative call option, which was not a suitable investment for them. This securities claim, which was brought in 2010, is the longest running case that FINRA has presided over. The arbitration panel finally issued a ruling after over 90 days of hearings.

The Eringers made their money when they sold a bakery business that belonged to one of their parents. The British couple spent about 60% of their investible assets on the investment in 2007.

According to their securities attorney, they made the purchase through Ontonimo Limited, which is a corporate entity that BNP Paribas mandated they create since the firm could not directly sell this kind of security to retail investors. This type of investment product is usually sold to institutional clients and hedge funds.

The Eringers paid BNP over $2 million for costs and fees. The firm also purportedly made James Eringer sign an agreement indicating that he was an investment adviser himself even though he had no professional financial experience nor did he have a securities license. Within 18 months, the Eringers’ contend, their investment became “worthless.”
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Two Former-Bank of Oswego Executives are Indicted for Fraud

Published on: July 3, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

A federal grand jury has indicted ex-Bank of Oswego president and CEO Dan Heine and former CFO Diana Yates with running a widespread, five-year conspiracy to hide the Oregon-based bank’s troubled financial state from regulators. According to the indictments, the two of them authorized secret deals to conceal bad loans in the bank’s portfolio from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp and its own board of directors.

According to the indictment, from September 2009 through last year, Yates and Hein conspired to defraud the bank. The reason for the allege conspiracy was to deceive its shareholders, board of directors, the public, and regulators by making the bank seem more financially robust.

Among their alleged acts:

• Using a bank employee to act as a straw man in a bogus real estate transaction.

• Having the bank make loans to a middleman. The latter would allegedly send loan proceeds to other beleaguered bank borrowers so that they could make their loan payments.

• Having the bank make loans and withdrawals from customer accounts without customer approval or knowledge.

• Mischaracterizing assets in reports to the Board and the FDIC, as well as making false entries in the report about the status of different loans and transactions.

• Hiding information about loans from bank insiders

SEC Appeals Its In-House Agency Judge’s Decision to Throw Out Charges Against Financial Advisers Paid by Fidelity to Push Specific Mutual Funds

Published on: July 2, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Securities and Exchange Commission employees are appealing a ruling by an administrative law judge dismissing charges against two financial advisers accused of not notifying clients that Fidelity Investments (FNF) had paid them to sell specific mutual funds. In the Texas securities case, SEC Administrative Law Judge James E. Grimes rejected claims that The Robare Group and two of its owners violated the law by failing to adequately disclose that they had a financial relationship with the brokerage firm. Grimes said that from listening to Mark L. Robare and his son-in-law Jack L. Jones Jr. testify, he was hard pressed to imagine them attempting to bilk anyone. This is one of the few cases presided over by one of its judges that the SEC has lost.

Fidelity is The Robare Group’s custodian. For the last 11 years, the registered investment advisor has been part of a program in which Fidelity pays it a portion of the revenue earned from the sale of certain third-party mutual funds. The payment goes to the adviser who made the mutual fund sale happen.

Advisors are given access to the funds without any transaction fees. As the custodian, Fidelity refers to payments made to advisers not as commission but as compensation for shareholder administrative fees.

In their appeal, the SEC staffers said that they feared Grimes’ ruling in this case establishes a troubling precedent that shifts the burden of full disclosure of a conflict interest from an investment adviser to a compliance consultant. They said this could allow an investment adviser to be excused from certain securities violations as long as he has a compliance consultant that has not “affirmatively” objected to a “particular disclosure.”
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As Puerto Rico Asks Creditors for Concessions, S & P Downgrades the Territory’s Debt and Investors Get Ready for More Losses

Published on: July 1, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Puerto Rico Governor Alejandro García Padilla says that the U.S. territory cannot pay back its $72 billion debt without concessions from its creditors, including U.S. mutual funds and hedge funds. According to the Governor, the Commonwealth’s efforts to restructure its debt and cut spending have failed.

Following the Governor’s announcement, credit rater Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services downgraded Puerto Rico’s credit rating from CCC-plus to CCC-minus. The rating covers the island’s entire debt, including the debt of its Employees Retirement System and the Municipal Finance Agency.

García Padilla and Puerto Rico’s government development bank also issued a report backing his statements. The executive summary was written by Anne Krueger, a former World Bank Chief Economist and the International Monetary Fund’s first deputy managing director, as well as Ranjit Teja and Andrew Wolfe, who are both economists.

In their “Krueger Report,” the economists said that they found the territory’s debt to be unsustainable. Based on the report and Puerto Rico’s own analysis, García Padilla wants to defer debts so that Puerto Rico can continue to negotiate with creditors. Some payments could be deferred for up to five years. The Governor said, “This is not politics, this is math.”
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Hedge Fund Advisory Firm to Pay the SEC $5M to Settle Fund Valuation Scam Allegations

Published on: July 1, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The Securities and Exchange Commission is charging AlphaBridge Capital Management and its two owners with fraudulently inflating the prices of securities in hedge fund portfolios that the firm managed. The feeder funds involved are the private funds AlphaBridge Fixed Income Partners, LP and the AlphaBridge Fixed Income Fund, Ltd.

The securities in question are inverse, interest-only floaters and interest only floaters. Both are tranches of collateralized mortgage obligations. To settle the charges, the Connecticut-based investment advisory firm and its owners, Michael J. Carino and Thomas T. Kutzen, will pay $5M.

According to the regulator, AlphaBridge told investors that broker-dealers provided it with independent price quotes for residential mortgaged-backed securities that were thinly traded and unlisted even though the firm derived these valuations internally. The hedge fund advisory firm purportedly told brokers to say that the valuations came from their brokerage firms.

KKR & Co. Will Pay Nearly $30M to Settle SEC Charges of Misallocating Broken Deal Expenses

Published on: June 30, 2015 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced that Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) would pay close to $30 million, including a $10 million penalty, to settle charges that it misallocated over $17 million in “broken deal” expenses to its flagship private equity funds. According to the regulator, over a six-year period ending in 2011, KKR incurred $338 million in diligence expenses, also known as broken deal costs, related to buyout opportunities that were unsuccessful, as well as other similar expenses.

This is the first time the SEC has charged a private equity adviser over the misallocation of broken deal costs. During the period in question, KKR was overseeing two money pools—the private equity funds and its co-investment vehicles. As the private equity funds invested $30.2 billion, KKR co-investors put in $4.6 billion alongside the funds. Yet even though the firm raised billions of dollars of deal capital from co-investors, it was the flagship funds funds that ended up bearing all the costs of these broken deals.

The SEC said that as a result of the firm’s allocation practices, firm insiders and certain major clients who had invested via the co-investment vehicles benefited as none of the broken deal costs were allocated them for years even as they also availed of deal sourcing activities. The regulator said that not notifying investors of its allocation practices was a breach of fiduciary duty by KKR.