Investor Lawyers Blog

SEC Restructures Trial Unit in an Effort to Decrease Courtroom Losses

Published on: February 13, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

In the wake of recent losses in the courtroom, the Securities and Exchange Commission is changing up the way it gets ready for trial. The Wall Street Journal says that SEC Chairwoman Mary Jo White has retooled the agency’s trial unit. One of the reasons for the restructuring is so litigators and investigators can work more closely together.

The SEC’s victory rate has been dropping. The agency won just 55% of trials in the last four months, which a definite decline compared to the last three years when it had been winning over 75% of the time. Since October, however, juries and judges have ruled in favor of 10 out of 25 persons and firms in securities litigation against the SEC, and the government lost 5 of 11 trials. This is a definite downswing from the 12 months prior when just 5 of 34 defendants beat the regulator. Although the cases that the regulator lost were filed before White took over the helm, defense lawyers believe that the Commission’s current losing trend will compel more people to go up against it instead of settling.

The Commission’s trial unit has now been split into four groups so that this more closely mirrors the work of enforcement officials when they probe cases. Senior officials are also conducting practice openings for trials.

Ex-Bank of America Corp. Executive Enters Guilty Plea in Municipal Bond Rigging Scam

Published on: February 12, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Phillip D. Murphy, an ex-Bank of America Corp. (BAC) executive that used to run the municipal derivatives desk there, has pleaded guilty to wire fraud and conspiracy charges in a muni bond rigging case accusing him of conspiring to bilk the US government and bond investors. In federal court, he admitted to manipulating the bidding process involving investment agreements having to do with municipal bond proceeds.

The illegal activity was self-reported by his former employer. Bank of America has been cooperating with prosecutors that have accused bankers of paying kickbacks to CDR Financial Products to fix bids on investment contracts purchased by local governments. The contracts were bought using money from bond sales.

According to the indictments, from 1998 to 2006, Murphy and CDR officials conspired to up the amount and profitability of investment deals and municipal finance contracts that went to Bank of America. Murphy purportedly won actions for certain contracts after other banks consented to purposely turn in losing bids.

FINRA Seeks to Limit Definition of Public Arbitrator

Published on: February 11, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

According to Investment News and The Wall Street Journal, sources in the know say that the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority wants to limit how many brokerage industry insiders can act as arbitrators in investor disputes with broker-dealers and brokers. The amendment would keep anyone affiliated with the securities industry, including lawyers and ex-brokers, from representing themselves in the role of public arbitrator. FINRA’s board of directors will decide whether to approve a proposed rule changes on this matter at a meeting this week.

Under the FINRA arbitration system, there are two arbitarator categories: nonpublic and public. Public arbitrators usually don’t have a current insider industry connection with the securities industry. Meantime, arbitrators that are nonpublic can have current ties, even working as a banker or a broker or securities fraud lawyer.

Usually, there are three arbitrators on a panel presiding over an investor-broker dispute. The panel members are selected from a list of arbitrators. Respondents and claimants go through this list to eliminate those they don’t want on the panel.

$13B MBS Fraud Settlement Between JPMorgan and the US is Under Dispute in New Securities Lawsuit

Published on: February 10, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Better Markets, a non-profit group, is suing the US Department of Justice to block the $13 billion mortgage-backed securities fraud settlement reached between the federal government and JP Morgan Chase (JPM). The group wants the deal to undergo judicial review.

The settlement resolves DOJ mortgage bond claims with a $2 billion civil penalty and includes $4 billion of consumer relief, another $4 billion to settle claims related to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and another $1.4 billion to settle a National Credit Union Administration-instigated securities case. JPMorgan sold the mortgage bonds in question in the years heading into the housing market collapse. The loans that were involved lost value or defaulted when the bubble burst.

As part of the agreement, the firm acknowledged that it made “serious misrepresentations” about the MBS to investors. While the deal doesn’t release the bank from criminal liability, it grants civil immunity for its purported actions. Now, Better Markets, which describes itself as a “Wall Street” watchdog, is saying that the record settlement between the US government and JP Morgan was “unlawful” because a court did not review the deal.

JPMorgan Will Pay $614M to US Government Over Mortgage Fraud Lawsuit

Published on: February 8, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) has agreed to settle securities allegations that it defrauded federal agencies by underwriting mortgage loans that were sub-standard. As part of the agreement with the US government, the bank acknowledged that for over 10 years it approved thousands of insured loans that were ineligible for insurance by the Department of Veterans Affairs of the Federal Housing Administration. The Justice Department claims that as a result of JPMorgan’s actions, both the VA and FHA sustained significant losses because loans that were not qualified failed.

The mortgage fraud lawsuit is over the financial firm’s involvement in US programs that let private-sector lenders approve mortgages for government refinancing or insurances. According to prosecutors, JPMorgan violated the rules on a routine basis when it approved loans that did not meet the program’s criteria. One example, noted by Bloomberg.com, is the bank’s decision to underwrite a loan for an Indiana property and approving it for FHA insurance even though the rules don’t allow for reliance on documents that are over 120 days old to verify the assets of the borrower. After just three payments, the borrower defaulted. Because JPMorgan was the note’s holder, the Department of Housing and Urban Development paid a $109,253 insurance claim.

The Justice Department says that as part of the securities settlement the bank has also admitted that it did not let agencies know that its own internal reviews uncovered over 500 defective loans that should not have been turned in for VA and FHA insurance. According to United States attorney in Manhattan Preet Bharara, JPMorgan put “profits ahead of responsibility.”

How Can you Recover Your Loss on UBS Puerto Rico Municipal Bonds?

Published on: February 7, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Previous articles have described the numerous problems that many investors currently face as a result of investments their broker at UBS or another brokerage firm made to invest in Puerto Rican municipal bonds. Other posts have discussed why UBS knew or should have known that those problems were imminent, and yet kept selling those bonds to virtually all of its clients. Those problems have even gotten worse, as Moody’s has followed suit from Standard & Poor’s and downgraded approximately $55 billion worth of Puerto Rico’s outstanding bonds, pushing many of those into junk bond status. The question becomes, now what? What options do investors have?

Broker-dealers, like UBS and UBS Puerto Rico, are regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). FINRA rules give customers of broker-dealers the option of filing complaints against their broker and his employing company in arbitration. Arbitration is a court alternative. It can be quicker and less expensive than a claim filed in a state or federal court; FINRA arbitration cases typically take between 12 to 18 months from when they are filed to when a decision is rendered by the arbitrators.

The proceedings are also much less invasive for the customer bringing the claim. Typically, customers are not required to respond to written questions under oath, submit to depositions, or in person questioning on the record, or other similar discovery procedures which occur in court litigation. Instead, the customers are generally only required to produce certain paper documents in their possession; things like statements from their broker, letters and/or emails between themselves and their broker, certain tax records, etc. The only other requirement is to attend a final, in person hearing, similar to a trial in court, where the customer will have the opportunity to explain their story before the arbitrators.

Standard and Poor’s Reduces Puerto Rico Obligation Debt to Junk Status

Published on: February 6, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

This week, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) cut the credit rating for Puerto Rico’s general obligation debt to junk-bond status due to concerns about an inability to access capital markets. S&P had put the US territory’s rating on notice for such a downgrade late last year. Now, the credit rating agency announced, it is officially issuing that downgrade to a “BB”-a level under investment grade.

The credit rating agency believes that the Caribbean island’s ability to sell additional debt in $3.7 trillion municipal bond market is limited and cash shortages could happen. Because of such “liquidity constraints,” S & P does not feel that an investment-grade rating is warranted. The agency also cut its rating on Puerto Rico’s Government Development Bank to a BB, as well.

Puerto Rico has been in peril of getting a ratings downgrade by all three US credit raters for some time now in part because of its $70 billion of tax-free debt. Responding to the junk status downgrade, Puerto Rico’s Treasury Secretary and Government Development Bank said that S & P’s decision was a disappointment but they remained “confident” that the US territory had enough liquidity to meet such needs through the fiscal year’s conclusion.

Claims Mount: UBS Loss Larger Than Reported in Puerto Rico

Published on: February 5, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The losses that investors in Puerto Rico bonds and UBS Puerto Rico bond funds have suffered continue to mount, and the downgrade to high risk, or “junk bond” status is only going to make things worse. In 2013 alone, investors in Puerto Rican bonds saw losses of over 20%. However, those losses do not include the leverage that many investors were ultimately exposed to. Many investors were sold proprietary investments funds created by UBS. Those funds borrowed additional funds to be able to purchase even larger amounts of Puerto Rican bonds. This strategy increases the potential gains an investor can make, but also increases the potential losses. Investors in funds that were 50% leveraged, which many UBS funds were, saw losses closer to 40%.

This permitted these UBS funds to see losses of over $1.6 billion. Moreover, these losses do not take into account the losses of investors who were convinced to buy Puerto Rico bonds outside of these funds, or investors who lost additional money through extra leverage sold by their brokers.

Many investors were convinced to borrow more money, either through a margin account, a bank loan, or through a second mortgage, to make even larger investments, exponentially increasing their risk. These layers of borrowed money made it possible for some investors to see their entire accounts get wiped out.

SEC Suspends 225 Dormant Shell Companies to Prevent Pump-and-Dump Scams

Published on: February 4, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The Securities and Exchange Commission said that as part of Operation Shell-Expel, its initiative to fight microcap fraud, it is suspending trading in 255 dormant shell companies that it says are “ripe for abuse in the over-the-counter market.” The regulator’s Office of Market Intelligence in its Enforcement Division has been looking through penny stocks and finding inactive companies.

Already, several hundred dormant shell companies have been suspended to protect them from fraudsters and from pump-and-dump scams, which is common with microcap companies. Schemers will use misleading and false statements to talk up a company’s thinly traded microcap stock. They will then buy the stock at a low figure to inflate the price to make it appear as if there is market activity. The next step involves getting rid of the stock by selling at that higher price and making huge profits.

These latest suspensions involve companies in two foreign countries and 26 US states. If a stock gets suspended from trading, relisting is not possible unless the company gives current financial data to show that it is still in business. Because many dormant shell companies are unlikely to do this, the shells become worthless to fraudsters.

Morgan Stanley to Pay $1.25B in Mortgage-Backed Securities Lawsuit by FHFA

Published on: February 4, 2014 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Morgan Stanley (MS) will pay $1.25 billion to the Federal Housing Finance Agency to resolve the latter’s securities fraud lawsuit accusing the firm of selling mortgage bonds to Freddie Mac (FMCC) and Fannie Mae without apprising them of the risks. A lot of the loan involved in this MBS lawsuit against Morgan Stanley came from subprime lenders, such as IndyMac and New Century. The loans were packaged into bonds.

The brokerage firm, which sold $10.58 billion in mortgage-backed securities that were issued between September 2005 and September 2007, is the eighth financial firm to settle with FHFA over the more than $200 billion in securities that came with offering materials that purportedly misled the two government-backed lenders about the quality of the loans behind their investments. FHFA sued 18 financial institutions asking for unspecified damages in 2011.

To date, the government agency has collected about $9.1 billion. Recent settlers include Deutsche Bank AG (DB), which is paying $1.93 billion and JP Morgan Chase (JPM), which settled for $4 billion. Among those that have yet to settle with FHFA is Bank of America Corp. (BAC), which is being sued, along with two of its firms—Merrill Lynch & Co. (MER) and Countrywide Financial Corp.—for over more than $57.4 billion in securities. FHFA wants at least $6 billion from them.